Cov txheej txheem tshiab, thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys

1. Lub zog muaj zog. Titanium alloys muaj lub zog siab heev, nrog lub zog tensile ntawm 686 - 1176 MPa, thaum lawv qhov ceev tsuas yog li 60% ntawm cov hlau, yog li lawv lub zog tshwj xeeb yog siab heev.

2. Siab hardness. Lub hardness ntawm titanium alloys (lub xeev annealed) yog HRC 32 - 38.

3. Tsawg elastic modulus. Lub elastic modulus ntawm titanium alloys (lub xeev annealed) yog 1.078 × 10-1.176 × 10 MPa, uas yog hais txog ib nrab ntawm cov hlau thiab stainless hlau.

4. Kev ua haujlwm siab thiab qis qis. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, titanium alloys tseem tuaj yeem tswj cov khoom siv zoo, thiab lawv cov cua sov ua haujlwm siab dua li ntawm aluminium alloys, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm kub ntau. Tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm cov cua sov tshiab - tiv taus titanium alloys tuaj yeem ncav cuag 550 - 600℃; ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, lub zog ntawm titanium alloys nce es tsis txhob ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab lawv muaj zoo toughness. Tsawg- qhov kub thiab txias titanium alloys tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo toughness ntawm -253℃.

5. Muaj zog corrosion kuj ntawm titanium. At temperatures below 550℃in the air, titanium forms a thin and dense titanium oxide film on its surface quickly, so its corrosion resistance in the atmosphere, seawater, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and other oxidizing media and strong alkali is better than that of most stainless steels.

2.1 Txoj Kev Npaj Titanium
Txawm hais tias titanium muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nws yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj hlau vim nws dispersed hav zoov thiab nyuaj rau extraction. Tam sim no, kev npaj ntawm titanium tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj: txoj kev txo qis thermal thiab molten ntsev electrolysis txoj kev.

(1) Thermal txo txoj kev npaj titanium: Thermal txo txoj kev yuav txo tau titanium los ntawm nws cov tebchaw xws li TiCl4, TiO2, thiab K2TiF6 ntawm ib tug tej yam kub uas siv muaj zog txo cov neeg sawv cev xws li Li, Na, Mg, Ca, thiab lawv hydrides. Raws li cov sib txawv titanium tebchaw, cov thermal txo txoj kev npaj titanium tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg:

① Oxidation-txo txoj kev ntawm titanium chlorides, xws li cov txheej txheem Kroll, txheej txheem Hunter, txheej txheem Armstrong, thiab txheej txheem EMR;

② Oxidation-txo txoj kev ntawm titanium oxides, xws li txheej txheem OS, txheej txheem PRP, thiab MHR txheej txheem;

③ Oxidation -txo txoj kev ntawm titanates. Tam sim no, tsuas yog cov txheej txheem Kroll thiab cov txheej txheem Hunter tau ua tiav hauv kev tsim khoom. Cov txheej txheem Kroll siv cov hlau nplaum hlau los hloov cov titanium los ntawm cov tshuaj chlorides, thaum cov txheej txheem Hunter siv hlau sodium ua li ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem Armstrong tsim los ntawm International Titanium Powder Company hauv Chicago, Tebchaws Asmeskas, zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem Hunter thiab tseem siv sodium los ua tus neeg saib xyuas kom huv si titanium. Tebchaws Meskas tau pib ua ua ntej- ntau lawm hauv cov chaw tsim khoom siv txoj kev no.

(2) Molten ntsev electrolysis txoj kev npaj titanium: Xyoo 1959, Kroll tau kwv yees tias molten ntsev electrolysis yuav hloov cov txheej txheem Kroll raws li txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov titanium hauv 5 mus rau 10 xyoo. Tau ntau xyoo, cov tsev tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws thiab cov chaw kuaj mob tau tsim ntau tshaj li kaum ob lub thev naus laus zis tshiab los npaj titanium los ntawm molten ntsev electrolysis. Cov no tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg raws li cov khoom siv raw:

① Electrolysis ntawm titanates;

② Electrolysis ntawm titanium chlorides;

③ Electrolysis ntawm titanium oxides, nrog rau cov txheej txheem FFC Cambridge, MER txheej txheem, USTB txheej txheem, QIT txheej txheem, SOM txheej txheem, thiab ionic kua electrolysis.

2.2 Kev Siv Tshiab Titanium
Txij li thaum xyoo 1940, kev siv titanium tau tsim sai heev thiab nws tau siv dav hauv dav hlau, foob pob ua ntxaij, cuaj luaj, satellites dag, spaceships, nkoj, tub rog kev lag luam, chaw kho mob, thiab petrochemical kev lag luam. Cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau pom tias tib neeg lub cev muaj qee yam ntawm titanium, thiab titanium tuaj yeem txhawb nqa phagocytes thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li ntawd, ntau lub chaw soj nstuam tau mob siab rau kev txhim kho thiab siv bio-titanium.

3.1 Txoj kev npaj ntawm titanium alloys

Cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua ntawm titanium alloys feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem melting thiab casting. Cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tshiab tau muab cais raws li hauv qab no:

(1) Ze -net{2}}puab txoj kev siv tshuab;

(2) Hlau txhuam vuam tshuab;

(3) Superplastic txoj kev siv tshuab;

(4) Khoos phis tawj simulation tshuab rau kev npaj thiab ua cov khoom siv. Ze ntawm -net-puab txoj kev siv tshuab suav nrog laser txoj kev, precision casting, precision tuag forging, hmoov metallurgy, thiab tshuaj tsuag txheej, thiab lwm yam. Ua ntej, hmoov yog tsim, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev sib tsoo tshuab, siv lub pob zeb los ua cov ntaub ntawv raw rau kev sib tsoo, sib tsoo thiab nplawm. Tom qab ntawd, cov hmoov hlau tsim yog nias rau hauv cov duab, nrog ob txoj kev nias: isostatic nias thiab txias nias. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog kom tau txais ib qho kev nias dawb paug ntawm qee yam duab thiab qhov loj me nrog qee qhov ceev thiab lub zog. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom tsim tawm yog raug rau txim rau cov ntshav ntshav sintering, qhov tshwj xeeb sintering lub zog thiab nias lub zog yog siv rau sintering hmoov los ntawm sab sauv thiab qis tuag punches thiab hluav taws xob electrodes. Cov txheej txheem ua tiav los ntawm kev tso tawm ua kom tiav, kub yas deformation thiab txias kom tau txais cov khoom siv titanium siab. Tom qab ntawd, cov titanium alloy tom qab plasma sintering undergoes ntxiv ua, feem ntau yog kev kho cua sov los yog yas ua.

3.2 Cov ntawv thov tshiab ntawm titanium alloys

Titanium alloys tau pib siv dav hauv aerospace teb, feem ntau yog rau kev tsim cov tshuab dav hlau lossis cov khoom siv pneumatic. Tom qab ntawd, nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm thev naus laus zis, titanium alloys tau nkag mus rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam thiab tuaj yeem pom hauv cov chaw tsim khoom lossis cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Tam sim no, lub teb chaws thiab cov koom haum tau sib tw los tsim cov titanium alloys tshiab nrog tus nqi qis thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Kev txhim kho tsis ntev los no ntawm titanium alloys feem ntau tsom rau tsib yam hauv qab no.

(1) Kev kho mob titanium alloys

Titanium alloys have low density and good biocompatibility, making them ideal medical materials that can even be implanted in the human body. Yav dhau los, titanium alloys siv hauv kev kho mob muaj vanadium thiab txhuas, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb Nyij Pooj tau tsim hom tshiab ntawm titanium alloy nrog biocompatibility zoo. Txawm hais tias cov hlau no tseem tsis tau ua ntau yam - tsim tawm, nws ntseeg tau tias yav tom ntej, cov khoom zoo li no yuav siv dav hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

(2) Nplaim taws -cov titanium alloys

Titanium-raws li alloys uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo hauv qee qhov siab, qhov kub thiab txias thiab cua ntws yog nplaim taws- titanium alloys retardant. Tebchaws Asmeskas, Russia thiab Tuam Tshoj tau txuas ntxiv tsim cov nplaim hluav taws tshiab- titanium alloys retardant. Tebchaws Asmeskas tau siv cov nplaim taws no-cov titanium alloys retardant rau lub cav vim lawv tsis hnov ​​​​tsw rau combustion, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm lub cav.

(3) Siab -lub zog thiab siab - toughness - hom titanium alloys

- hom titanium alloys muaj lub zog siab, zoo weldability, thiab zoo heev txias thiab kub ua hauj lwm zog. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv cov cuab yeej no los txhim kho - hom titanium alloys nrog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv: kev ua haujlwm kub kub, zoo plasticity, thiab zoo weldability. Ntxiv mus, tom qab kev daws kev kho mob thiab kev laus, lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab tau zoo tuaj. Tam sim no, Nyiv thiab Russia tau tsim cov titanium alloys.

(4) Titanium-Aluminium compounds

Piv nrog rau cov titanium alloys dav dav, titanium-cov khoom siv txhuas muaj qhov ua tau zoo heev -kub kev ua haujlwm, zoo oxidation thiab creep resistance, thiab qis dua qhov ntom ntawm cov titanium alloys. Cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws no qhia tau tias titanium- cov khoom siv txhuas yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab. Tam sim no, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tsim cov titanium tshiab no -aluminium compound alloy thiab yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau lawm.

(5) Siab -kub titanium alloys

Titanium alloys npaj los ntawm kev sib txuas ceev ceev cov txheej txheem thiab cov hmoov hlau metallurgy, siv fiber ntau los yog particles -cov khoom siv ntxiv, muaj qhov zoo heev -kub txhua yam khoom. Qhov kev pabcuam kub txwv ntawm siab - kub titanium alloys yog ntau dua li ntawm cov titanium alloys. Tam sim no, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tsim tshiab siab -kub titanium alloys. (6) Titanium-nickel alloy, ib qho alloy uas muaj titanium thiab npib tsib xee, hu ua "nco alloy". Thaum cov hlau no tau ua ua ntej- txiav txim siab zoo thiab tom qab ntawd raug kho, yog tias nws yog deformed los ntawm sab nraud quab yuam, nws tuaj yeem rov qab zoo li qub nrog cua sov me ntsis. Cov hlau no tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam xws li cov twj paj nruag, ntsuas, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.