I. Theoretical Basis thiab Technological yam ntxwv ntawm Titanium Alloy Plastic Processing
1. Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Kev Siv Hlau Hlau Cov ntsiab lus ntawm titanium alloy yas ua yog siv cov yas deformation muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom hlau los hloov lawv cov microstructure los ntawm sab nraud quab yuam, thaum kawg tau txais cov ntaub ntawv titanium nrog cov duab thiab cov khoom xav tau. Cov txheej txheem no ua raws li txoj kev xav classical ntawm kev ua hlau yas, suav nrog:
• Kev ntxhov siab-kev sib raug zoo: Cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm titanium alloys nthuav tawm qhov tsis yog- kev sib raug zoo nrog qhov kub thiab txias deformation;
• Recrystallization mechanism: Dynamic recrystallization yog tus yuam sij rau refining nplej thiab txhim kho plasticity;
• Kev sib txhuam thiab lubrication: Cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam thaum dov ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov ntawv zoo. Kev pom zoo: Titanium alloy processing yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, deformation tus nqi, thiab oxidation tswj kom tsis txhob muaj cov nplej ntxhib thiab qhov tsis xws luag.
2. Cov kev sib tw tshwj xeeb ntawm Titanium Alloys Piv rau cov hlau tsoos xws li hlau, tooj liab, thiab txhuas, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm titanium alloys nyob hauv:
• High deformation kuj: Lub zog tawm los ntawm ntshiab titanium yog peb zaug ntawm txhuas, thiab kev ua hauj lwm hardening tus nqi ntawm titanium alloys (xws li GR5) yog txog li ob zaug ntawm cov hlau;
• Lub qhov rais yas me me: Cov titanium ntshiab muaj cov yas tsis zoo nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab yuav tsum tau sov so ntawm 200-450℃los yog kub dov ntawm siab tshaj 800℃kom tau zoo formability;
• rhiab heev rau siab -kub oxidation: Titanium oxidizes sai tshaj 600 degree, tsim ib tug nyuaj thiab nkig oxide txheej (TiO₂), ua rau nyuaj rau tom qab ua;
• Muaj zog nyiam nqus cov pa roj: Nws yooj yim absorbs interstitial ntsiab xws li hydrogen thiab oxygen thaum cua sov los yog pickling, ua rau "hydrogen embrittlement" los yog "oxygen embrittlement." Cov ntaub ntawv kawm: Hauv kev tsim cov aerospace sheet hlau, qhov kev ua yuam kev hauv kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias ua rau cov oxide txheej tuab ntau dhau, thaum kawg ua rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hlau raug tshem tawm, ua rau poob ntau lab yuan.
II. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb Flow rau Titanium Alloy Phaj, Sawb, thiab Foil Production
1. Kev npaj slab thiab pretreatment
• Raw Material Selection: High-purity titanium ingots npaj siv VAR (Nqus Arsenic Arc Refining) lossis EB (Electron Beam Refining) cov txheej txheem, nrog cov ntsiab lus impurity tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.1%;
• Kev Kho Hniav: Tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag ntawm qhov chaw (xws li cov kab nrib pleb thiab kev sib txuas) los ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev xuab zeb blasting los yog tig los tiv thaiv kev tawg tawg thaum ua tiav;
• Dimensional Control: Tsim cov slab thickness raws li cov khoom tiav specifications; kub- dov slab thickness feem ntau yog 150-300mm. Standard Requirements: Slab nto roughness Ra tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3.2μm kom ntseeg tau tias tom qab dov stability.
2. Cov txheej txheem cua sov tswj
• Kub Rolling Cua sov:
• Segmented Heating Method: Ua ntej, cua sov mus rau 600℃ntawm tus nqi qis dua lossis sib npaug li 50℃/ h, tuav rau 2 teev, tom qab ntawd kub ceev rau 950-1050℃(+ theem cheeb tsam);
• Kev Tiv Thaiv Huab Cua: Qhia argon roj los yog siv lub tshuab nqus tsev cua sov hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob cua sov kom txo tau qhov oxidation;
• Temperature Uniformity: Saib xyuas hauv lub sijhawm nrog lub ntsuas kub infrared, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li ± 10 degree.
• Kub Rolling Cua sov: Tswj ntawm 650-750 degree, oxide txheej thickness Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2μm, tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ncaj qha los ntawm pickling. Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Cov cua kub sib txawv yuav tsum tau tswj tsis pub dhau ± 10℃kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov hauv zos ua rau cov nplej coarsening.
3. Rolling txheej txheem tsim
(1) Kub dov txheej txheem
• Thaum pib dov kub: 980-1020 degree, qhov kawg dov kub siab tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 850 degree;
• Kev txo qis ib zaug: Kev txo thawj zaug tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 15%, tom qab kis tau maj mam nce mus rau 30% -40%;
• Kev tswj cov nplej: qhov kawg dhau deformation yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam (tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 882 degree), refining cov nplej rau qib ASTM 8-10;
• Kev tswj cov duab: hydraulic dabtsi yog khoov yob system yog siv los tswj cov kev ntxhov siab seem tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 50MPa.
(2) Sov dov txheej txheem
• Kub ntau: 600-700 degree, siv lub dynamic recrystallization yam ntxwv ntawm titanium los txhim kho plasticity;
• Oxide txheej tswj: ncej- dov oxide txheej thickness Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2μm, uas tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ncaj qha los ntawm pickling;
• Kev npaj hla: ib zaug dhau los txo qis dua lossis sib npaug li 8%, tag nrho deformation Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 30%, zam kev tawg ntawm ntug. Qhov zoo: sov dov tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov txheej txheem annealing nruab nrab, ua kom lub voj voog ntau lawm ntau dua 20%.
(3) Cov txheej txheem txias dov
• Multi-pass tsim: 0.3-1.8mm nyias daim hlau yuav tsum tau txias dov nyob rau hauv 5-8 passes, nrog rau deformation npaum li cas tswj ntawm 10%-15% ib pass;
• Intermediate annealing: Nqus annealing (650℃/ 2h) yog ua thaum tus nqi deformation nce mus txog 30% kom tshem tawm kev ua hauj lwm hardening;
• Nto zoo: Yob txheej lubrication tshuab yog saws los txo cov khawb qhov tsis xws luag. Kev kho cov khoom siv alloy siab: Rau + hom alloys xws li Ti-6Al-4V, tus nqi deformation ib kis yuav tsum tau txo qis rau 5% -8% txhawm rau tiv thaiv ntug tawg.
4. Tiav thiab xa tawm -kev kho mob
• Pickling txheej txheem:
• Ob-kauj ruam txoj kev: Ua ntej, txheej oxide raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm 10% HF + 30%HNO₃ acid, thiab tom qab ntawd passivated nrog 5% citric acid;
• Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg lwm txoj kev: Tsim cov fluorine - cov txheej txheem pickling dawb kom txo tau cov hydrofluoric acid siv ntau dua 80%.
• Txoj Kev Ncaj Ncees: Cov kev ntxhov siab seem raug tshem tawm siv kaum- yob ncaj, ua tiav qhov ncaj tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1 hli / m;
• Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Nto: Cov teeb meem subcutaneous raug kuaj pom siv lub ntsuas qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tam sim no los xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj cov kab nrib pleb, suav nrog, thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag.
III. Txheej txheem Optimization Directions thiab Industry Trends
1. Nyob ze -Net-Shape Forming Technology: Tsim cov cuab yeej ua kom zoo tshaj plaws los txo cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm los ntawm cov tsoos 3 hli mus rau hauv 0.5mm;
2. Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Txawj Ntse: Qhia cov cuab yeej digital ntxaib los saib xyuas lub zog dov, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lwm yam tsis raws sijhawm, ua kom muaj kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem;
3. Green Manufacturing: Txhawb nqa fluorine- cov txheej txheem pickling dawb kom txo tau cov pa phem ib puag ncig;
4. Composite Processing: Tshawb nrhiav laser- dov kev sib sau tshuab kom tawg los ntawm chav tsev kub tsim txwv ntawm titanium alloys;
5. Superplastic Forming: Ua tiav superplasticity ntawm titanium alloys ntawm 850-950℃los ntawm microstructure tswj rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj.