(1) Chemical Composition: Multi-Kev Sib Koom Tes "Super Armor"
Cov nickel-raws li alloy NiCrNbMo daim ntawv zoo ib yam li "super armor" uas muaj ntau yam. Txhua feem ua nws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, sib koom ua ke tsim lub hauv paus rau kev ua tau zoo. Ntawm lawv, npib tsib xee ua cov khoom siv hauv paus, nrog nws cov ntsiab lus tsis tu ncua tshaj 50%. Nws zoo li lub hauv paus ruaj khov ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, ua rau cov ntawv zoo heev - qhov kub thiab txias ruaj khov, ua kom cov ntawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg tau txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm - qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tsis txhob deformation lossis tawg yooj yim.
Chromium suav rau 18%-21% hauv nws. Nws yog ib tug mob siab rau "rusty guard". Thaum daim ntawv raug kub los yog corrosive ib puag ncig, chromium yuav sai sai nrog oxygen, tsim ib tug ntom Cr₂O₃ oxide zaj duab xis rau ntawm daim ntawv. Cov oxide zaj duab xis no zoo li cov ntaub thaiv npog, nruj tiv thaiv sab hauv ntawm daim ntawv, tiv thaiv kev yaig ntawm qhov kub thiab txias oxidation thiab tseem tiv thaiv cov ntawv los ntawm kev corroded los ntawm acidic los yog alkaline corrosive xov xwm, cuam tshuam lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm daim ntawv.
Txawm hais tias molybdenum tso nyiaj rau tsuas yog 4% -5%, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntxiv dag zog. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog intergranular, ua rau cov nplej hauv daim ntawv sib xyaw kom nruj, yog li txhim kho tag nrho lub zog ntawm daim ntawv. Ntxiv mus, molybdenum yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam nrog rau hauv zos corrosion, xws li pitting thiab crevice corrosion, uas yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv corrosion hauv zos. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm molybdenum, lawv nyuaj ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau daim ntawv, zoo heev txhim kho daim ntawv lub siab ntev nyob rau hauv complex corrosive ib puag ncig.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm niobium yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.9%-1.9%. Txawm hais tias nws qhov kev faib ua feem tsis siab, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb "xav tank" rau kev ua tiav ob lub tshuab ntawm "khoom siv zog ntxiv + nag lossis daus ntxiv" hauv cov hlau. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem kev npaj alloy, niobium yuav tsim cov theem ntxiv, xws li ''-Ni₃Nb, los kho cov nplej. Cov nplej nplua nuj zoo li cov tub rog sib koom ua ke, ua rau cov ciam teb zoo dua thiab inhibiting qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov nplej ciam teb. Yog li, cov hlau muaj peev xwm tswj tau nws cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg thoob plaws hauv qhov kev pab cuam mus sij hawm ntev ntawm qhov kub ntawm 600℃mus rau 1100 degree, kom ntseeg tau tias nws cov kev ua tau zoo tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov lej ntawm txhuas, titanium, thiab lwm yam khoom. Lawv zoo li cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo 'cov khoom siv kho kom zoo, txawm hais tias lawv qhov kev siv tsawg heev, lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom cov hlau ua haujlwm zoo. Aluminium tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov pa oxygen los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv oxide, ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau oxidation tsis kam; titanium tuaj yeem tsim cov carbides ruaj khov nrog cov pa roj carbon monoxide, txo cov kev tsis zoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab tseem txhim kho cov alloy lub zog thiab toughness rau qee yam. Cov ntsiab lus no koom tes thiab sib cuam tshuam sib koom ua ke, sib koom ua ke tsim lub zog thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm NiCrNbMo daim ntawv.
(II) Microstructure: Lub hauv paus kev ua tau zoo ntawm austenite matrix Cov qauv austenite endows daim ntawv nrog cov khoom siv lub cev tshwj xeeb.
Nws tsis muaj hlau nplaum, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv qee qhov xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam rau cov hlau nplaum, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej kho mob, tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws cov thermal expansion coefficient tsawg, xws li 20 txog 1000 degree, tsuas yog 15.9 × 10⁻⁶ / K. Cov yam ntxwv no ua kom cov ntawv muaj qhov hloov pauv me me nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, tswj cov duab ruaj khov thiab qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, txo cov kev ntxhov siab los ntawm thermal expansion thiab contraction, thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom deformation lossis tawg.
Ntawm thaj tsam lis ntawm austenite matrix, carbides thiab intermetallic compounds raug faib, xws li M₂3C₆ thiab Ni₃Al. Lawv zoo li khov kho "bolts" uas cuam tshuam kev txav ntawm kev txav mus los. Dislocations yog ib qho tsis xws luag hauv cov ntaub ntawv crystalline, thiab lawv txoj kev txav mus los feem ntau ua rau cov yas deformation thiab txo lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov carbides thiab intermetallic tebchaw ua zoo li ntau obstacles nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm dislocation txav, ua rau nws nyuaj rau dislocations txav, yog li no ho txhim khu lub creep resistance ntawm daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv siab - kub thiab siab - ib puag ncig siab, cov ntaub ntawv yog yooj yim nkag mus, qhov chaw uas lawv maj mam deformation yas qeeb dhau sijhawm. Daim ntawv NiCrNbMo, nrog rau cov theem no ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm cov ciam teb nplej, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev nkag mus tau zoo, tswj kev ruaj ntseg thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov qauv, ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thaum lub sij hawm ntev -lub sij hawm siab - kub kev pab cuam.
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov npib tsib xee-raws li alloy NiCrNbMo daim ntawv yog sib cais los ntawm nws txoj kev nrhiav kev purity thaum lub sij hawm smelting thiab blanking theem. Cov txheej txheem no zoo li forging ib rab ntaj zoo kawg nkaus, qhov twg txhua kauj ruam txiav txim siab lub siab kawg ntawm qhov kawg.
Thaum lub sij hawm smelting txheej txheem, advanced nqus induction melting (VIM) + electroslag remelting (ESR) cov tswv yim raug saws. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob txheej txheem no zoo meej. Cov txheej txheem VIM tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv qhov chaw nqus, txo cov pa roj impurities hauv cov hlau, zoo li tshem tawm tag nrho "cov yeeb ncuab phom sij" hauv cov hlau, ua rau cov hlau tsis huv. Cov txheej txheem ESR, los ntawm electroslag remelting, ntxiv tshem tawm cov tsis yog -cov khoom siv hlau, ua kom cov hlau purity mus txog qib siab, kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntsiab lus oxygen O₂ tsawg dua 20 ppm thiab cov ntsiab lus nitrogen N₂ tsawg dua 50 ppm. Xws li purity siab nteg lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau cov hlau ua haujlwm tom qab, ib yam li cov ore ntshiab yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau smelting siab - hlau zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm dov txheej txheem, raws li qhov sib txawv thicknesses ntawm daim ntawv tiav, hloov tau ib qho - dhau los yog ob- cov tswv yim dhau los tau txais yuav. Thaum lub thickness ntawm daim ntawv tiav yog ntau tshaj 30 hli, txoj kev ncaj dov yog siv. Ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1180℃- 1200 degree, lub billet yog rhuab mus rau qhov tsim nyog qhov kub thiab txias, zoo li yog endowed nrog "lub cev mos", ua rau nws yooj yim rau undergo yas deformation. Tom qab tuav ntawm 3h - 4h, lub billet pib txheej txheem dov, nrog rau tag nrho ntawm 10 - 16 hla. Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, txhua qhov dov zoo li kev ua kom zoo "shaping", los ntawm kev tswj tsis tau xws li dov quab yuam thiab dov ceev, lub billet maj mam nce mus txog qhov xav tau tuab thiab qhov tseeb.