1. Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe
Raws li lub hnub qub microscoping hauv thaj teb alloy cov ntaub ntawv, yug ntawm high-entropy alloys (Heas) yog ze rau lub tswvyim ntawm entropy. Tab sis dab tsi xyov yog entropy? Ua ntej unveiling cov mysteries ntawm high-entropy alloys, cia thawj tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb ntawm Entropy.
Lub tswv yim ntawm Entropy tau qhia los ntawm German Doyicist Rudolf Claus nyob rau hauv lub cev tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv lub kaw lus tsis zoo nyob rau hauv lub system-qhov ntau dua qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, ntau dua untropy.
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab zoo dua cov tswvyim no, cia peb siv kev kawm lub cev (PE) raws li ib qho piv txwv:
Tsawg lub xeev qis: Thaum txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm hnav zoo ib yam li tsuas yog muaj qee qhov kev zam, sawv daws kev ua kom sov nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab muaj ntau yam kev txav mus los, thiab cov kev txav chaw nyob yog txwv, thiab cov kev txav chaw ntawm lub system tsawg.
High-entropy State: Thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm hnav ntau cov ris tsho, ua rau cov haujlwm tau tso tawm, thiab cov chav kawm txav tau ntau dua, ua rau lub xeev siab tshaj plaws.
Los ntawm kev sib piv, peb tuaj yeem xav txog txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm ua ib chav tsev atomic hauv ib qho alloy. Thaum Atoms tau npaj ua ib qho kev txiav txim siab, zoo sib xws rau cov tub ntxhais kawm sawv ntawm kev tsim, lub hauv paus alloy yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev qis. Hloov siab, thaum Atoms yog faib faib thiab txav mus los dawb, lub kaw lus nce lub xeev siab introopy.
Piv rau cov alloys cov pa, qhov tshiab no rau lub ntiaj teb alloy muaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig siab tshaj tus nqi. Yog li, cov kws tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv muaj npe hu ua nws high-entropy alloy. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, "siab nkag mus rau qib siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab los yog kev faib tshuaj atomic ntawm lub ntsej muag tsis pub dhau lub alloy yog cov chaotic heev. Tam sim no uas peb tau qhia lub tswv yim ntawm High-Entrore alloys, peb tshawb nrhiav seb cov khoom siv zoo no tau tshawb pom.
2. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm high-entropy alloys
Lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb pom High-entropy alloys tau nteg li thaum ntxov thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo. German Tus kws tshawb fawb thiab metallurgist franz Karl ANTED kev kawm tshiab uas nws tau npaj ib coolousent alloys muaj tsib mus rau xya lub ntsiab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm no tau dhau los ntawm kev sib tw ntawm cov xim thoob ntiaj teb.
Nws tsis yog kom txog xyoo 1963 tus xibfwb Cyril Stanley Smith (Smith, 1963) pom thiab ceeb toom cov kev tshawb fawb no. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv kev sim uas twb muaj lawm, tam sim no ntseeg tias qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev kawm ua ntej muaj feem xyuam rau cov alloys siab.
Hmoov tsis zoo, vim tsis muaj kev saib xyuas, kev nce qib ntawm cov alloys loj heev nres rau ntau caum xyoo. Nws tsis yog mus txog rau xyoo 1990 uas txaus siab rau cov alloys siab tau tshaj tawm. Hauv xyoo kawm xyoo 1993, cov kws tshawb fawb nyob rau University of Cambridge tau thov kom muaj lub npe nrov uas muaj ntau dua los tsim cov amorphous qauv. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm, Taiwanese tus kws tshawb fawb Yei thiab nws pab pawg qhia kev tsim qauv tswv yim thiab muaj ntau cov khoom siv ua ke, uas lawv muaj npe ua haujlwm siab.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb feem ntau yuav siv sijhawm. Txawm hais tias muaj kev qhia ntawm cov tswvyim no, kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb fawb pom tau tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm rau xyoo.
Thaum kawg, nyob rau xyoo 2004, xibhwb cantor los ntawm UK ua ib qho kev sim nyob rau hauv uas nws tau melted ib high-mixing-entropy alloy. Kuj ceeb tias, es tsis txhob tsim txoj kev xav tau amorphous qauv, cov alloy tsim ntau yam brittle crystalline theem. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm txoj cai tsis meej pem tab sis paub tseeb tias YEH txoj kev tsim qauv. Qhov kev xav tsis tau npaj txhij pom qhov cim npe ntawm cov alloys siab.
Txhawm rau piav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej zoo nkauj no, xibfwb Zhang Yong ntawm University of Science, tso lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv rau HEA. Txij thaum ntawd los, High-entropy alloys tau tawm raws li lub hnub qub ci ntsa iab hauv thaj teb ntawm alloy cov ntaub ntawv.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb txaus siab, cov tswv yim ntawm cov alloys siab tau nthuav dav rau hauv cov teb ntsig xws li:
High-entropy ceramics
High-entropy nyias zaj duab xis
High-entropy steels
High-entropy superalallloys
Al-Mg-raws li lub teeb high-entropy lub teeb yuag ib alloys
High-entropy nyuaj alloys
3. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov alloys loj
High-entropy alloys qhia txog kev pom zoo tshiab hauv Alloy Tsim, raws li cov ntsiab cai entropy. Piv rau cov alloys muaj kuab, Heas tshwj xeeb tsim cov ntsiab lus tsim qauv tsim thiab cov khoom siv. Lawv qhov txawv txav tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm plaub yam nram qab no:
(1) Cov Cwj Pwm Sib Xws
HEAY COMPRORPORATE Ntau tus thawj tswjfwm cov ntsiab lus los qhia kev tshuaj lom neeg, nrog tsis muaj ib tus thawj lub ntsiab. Tsis zoo li ib txwm alloys, uas feem ntau muaj thawj lub hauv paus theem, haeas muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus loj. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim muaj pes tsawg tus muaj xws li:
1.Qhov Alloy yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg tsib yam sib txawv.
2.Qhov atomic feem pua ntawm txhua lub ntsiab yuav tsum yog nruab nrab ntawm 5% thiab 35%.
(2) kev txhim kho cov yam ntxwv
Raws li kev tshawb fawb tau nce zuj zus, lub tswvyim ntawm High-entropy alloys tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm peb theem loj:
Thawj-tiam haeas:
Muaj tsib los yog ntau cov ntsiab lus.
Cov ntsiab yog equiatomic (sib npaug atomic piv).
Tus qauv: Ib-theem nyuaj ua cov tshuaj alloy.
Thib ob tiam:
Muaj plaub lossis ntau hom kev sib dhos.
Cov khoom sib piv qub tsis zoo.
Tus qauv: Dual-theem lossis ntau theem complex khoom siv alloy.
Thib peb tiam nyuaj siab:
Nthuav mus rau hauv high-entropy nyias cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab ceramics.
(3) Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem
Txawm hais tias lawv ntau lub teb chaws sab, high-entropy alloys feem ntau yog daim qauv yooj yim theem thaum muaj kev sib tham. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem tau yaj yog cov qauv coj ua qauv ntawm HEAIN, feem ntau nthuav tawm:
Lub ntsej muag-nruab nrab lo teb (FCC) cov qauv
Lub cev-nruab nrab cubic (BCC) qauv
Hexagonal kaw-ntim (HCP) qauv
Ib qho ntxiv, theem amorphous kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau hauv ib co ees.
Tag
High-entropy alloys sawv cev rau kev hloov kho kev hloov siab hauv thaj teb ntawm alloy cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv cov cim sib xyaw, cov qauv tshiab tsim qauv, thiab cog lus cov khoom ua rau lawv muaj nuj nqis heev rau cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv qauv thiab ua haujlwm. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua, Pleas yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev siv nyiaj los ntawm Aerospace thiab kev lag luam hauv tsheb mus rau lub zog, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Daim Duab 1 Theem Cov Qauv ntawm Kev Loj Entropy Alloy
(4) Kev tshawb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo
Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias High-entropy alloys (,, heev) muaj ntau lub zog piv rau cov ib txwm muaj. Tam sim no, tsib qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm HEACH tau txais kev tshawb fawb tau tseeb:
1.Kub sib txuam ua txhaum lub zog
2.thermal ruaj khov
3.12radiation tsis kam
4.Corrosion Resistance
5.Mitter ntawm kev ua lag luam kev lag luam tawm
4. Cov ntawv thov tswv yim: Qhov chaw siab-entropy alloys ci
Cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv highous alloys pab lawv ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, thiab cov khoom sib nqus me me, thiab tshwj xeeb cov khoom sib nqus me me. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo muab cov kev txawj ntse uas muaj peev xwm hauv kev siv daim ntawv thov engineering. Cia peb tshawb nrhiav qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas muaj cov khoom siv high-entropy qhia lawv lub peev xwm zoo kawg.
(1) High-entropy mos cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus
Mos cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua tiav qhov ntau tshaj plaws motionization nrog cov sib nqus sab nraud sib nqus. Lawv yooj yim rau cov hlau nplaum thiab demagnetize, ua kom lawv dav siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qee qhov kev siv hluav taws xob siab nthuav qhia cov khoom sib nqus zoo tshaj plaws. Ib qho ntxiv, lawv pab kov yeej cov kev sib tw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mos mos mos muag, xws li cov khoom tsis zoo thiab tsis ruaj khov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Heas tuav tau ntau lub peev xwm rau cov ntawv thov hauv hluav taws xob cov tshuab hluav taws xob, hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam muaj cov lis haujlwm.
(2) Kev kub-kub cov ntaub ntawv
Kev kub-alloys yog cov khoom siv hlau uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab tshwj xeeb rau kev ncua ntev. Cov alloys yuav tsum muaj:
Tshwj Xeeb Ntawm Lub Zog Kub Kub Zog
Zoo heev oxidation thiab thermal corrosion tsis kam
Zoo nkees ua hauj lwm thiab bacture toughness
Lawv tseem nyob tsis tau rau lub cav kub-kawg Cheebtsam. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias High-entropy alloys ua kom pom zoo thermal stability thiab oxidation tsis kam ntawm nce kub. Qhov kev sib tsoo no muaj cov peev txheej tshiab rau kev tsim cov khoom siv uas ua haujlwm hauv cov pej xeem muaj kev lag luam, xws li:
Lub Cav Tshuab Turnizine
Cov Khoom Siv Cua Sov High
(3) Cov Txheej Txheem Yooj Yim Hard
Cov Txheej Txheej Txheej Txheem Koom Tes Nrog Kev Ua Haujlwm Siab, Hnav-Resistant alloy nyias txheej rau kev tiv thaiv tig, milling, kev npaj, thiab kev sib tsoo cov cuab yeej. Lub siab tawv thiab lub zog ntawm cov crimates ua rau lawv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov txheej txheem zoo li no, siv tau zoo txhim kho cuab yeej thiab thiav.
(4) High-Entropy Data digothermal cov ntaub ntawv hloov dua siab
Cov ntaub ntawv hloov siab hloov dua tshiab yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom muaj lub hnub ci ci ntsa iab, nqus tau kub thiab ua kom tau raws li kev xav tau ntau yam.
Vim yog cov kev pabcuam hnyav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lawv yuav tsum tau ua:
Zoo heev-kub ruaj khov
Zoo tshaj corrosion Kuj
Tsawg Tsawg Thermal nthuav tawm coefficiention
Muaj zog huab cua tiv
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias High-entropy alloy nyias cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis kam thiab muaj kev kub ntxhov heev rau kev txhim kho cov kev siv hluav taws xob hloov kho thiab hnub ci zog hloov kho.
Daim duab 2: Cov raj kub muab cov raj hlau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv
(5) Lub Hnav Lub Hlwb Siab Entropy alloy cov ntaub ntawv
Kev nyuaj nyuaj yog qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, High entropy alloys kuj tau kawm rau cov ntaub ntawv hnav me me thiab tau pib ua lag luam. Cov qauv piv txwv suav suav nrog cov neeg mobile xov tooj ntawm tes, lub xov tooj ntawm tes txawb qhov chaw thiab lwm yam precision.
Daim Duab 3 Stamping Mobile Xov Tooj
(6) lwm yam kev siv
High-entropy alloys kuj tseem ceeb muaj peev xwm hauv ob peb lwm thaj teb, suav nrog:
High-entropy Vuam Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Tsawg-actation high-entropy alloys
Pwm cov ntaub ntawv
Catalytic cov ntaub ntawv
Demiconductor diffusion Teeb Meem Txheej
5. Lub neej tom ntej ntawm High-Entropy alloys
Yuav ua li cas muaj peev xwm siab-entropy aloys (haeas) yuav tsim ntxiv? Lo lus nug no yog thawj qhov kev txhawj xeeb rau cov kws tshawb fawb thaum nce qib tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Xaiv txoj kev tshawb fawb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws uas muaj kev siv zog ntau dua hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws txhua hnub.
Saib tom ntej, muaj ob txoj kev nthuav dav tseem ceeb uas tsim nyog tau saib xyuas:
(1) Txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws
Los ntawm cov ib txwm alloys rau high-entropy alloys, cov ntaub ntawv tau hloov zuj zus raws cov qauv ntawm kev nce khoom entropy. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim ua kom pom tseeb tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom siv tau yog nonlininear. Hauv cov lus yooj yooj yim, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntau dua tsis yog txhais rau hauv kev ua tau zoo zuj zus.
Qhov muag tsis pom kev nkag siab ntau dua tsis tuaj yeem lav txog kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv. Ntxiv mus, raws li Entropy nce, yog li tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, uas ncaj qha nce toj tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm alloy. Qhov no txhais tau tias tsom mus rau ntawm cov entropy siab tuaj yeem ua rau ploj zuj zus rov qab los, qhov kev nce nqi ntawm "poob ob qho txiaj ntsig ntawm" poob ob qho txiaj ntsig. "
Raws li kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus, cov nqi uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tsis yog nyob hauv thaj tsam High-entropy alloy thiab ntau ntawm cov alloys nruab nrab thiab entropy alloys. Cov cheeb tsam no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv xws li:
Kev kub-alloys
Amorphous alloys
Stainless hlau
Nruab Nrab-Entropy alloys
Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj kev sib txuam zoo ntawm tus nqi thiab kev ua tau zoo, ua thaj chaw hloov chaw no yog thaj chaw tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej.
Daim duab 4 "Tus nqi-ua tau zoo" ntawm cov ntaub ntawv alloy
(2) tsim kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm siab
High-entropy alloys (Heas) ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws, thiab corrosion tsis kam, ua rau lawv muaj kev cog lus ntau hauv ntau thaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntawm High-entropy alloy nyias cov yeeb yaj kiab tseem nyob rau hauv nws cov theem thaum ntxov, thiab lawv daim ntawv thov kev lag luam nyob hauv kev kawm. Piv rau cov ib txwm muaj alloys muaj cov khoom siv nyuaj heev, thiab lawv cov khoom tsis ua raws li txoj kev sib raug zoo linear nrog entropy. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tsis yooj yim sua tsim tsim cov kev ua haujlwm siab ntau ntau yam raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke.
Cov khoom tsim qauv thiab kev loj hlob yog cov txheej txheem siv sijhawm, yog li kev txhim kho kev tshawb xyuas kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nce qib ntawm lub siab tawv.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm High-Passputology
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, kev saws me nyuam ntawm high-toputu) (HT) thev naus laus zis los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Tab sis dab tsi raws nraim yog high-sugputology, thiab nws tuaj yeem ceev cov khoom kev loj hlob li cas?
Yog tias peb sib piv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dej hiav txwv thiab kev txhim kho ntawm Alloy Alloy Tshiab yog zoo li nuv ntses nrog tus pas nrig, uas cov kws tshawb fawb tsuas yog tau txais ib qho kev siv ib qho ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Qhov no "ib-lub sijhawm" mus kom ze rau kev tshawb fawb cov khoom siv.
Tam sim no, xav txog yog cov kws tshawb nrhiav tuaj yeem nrum ib lub net es tsis txhob siv tus pas nuv ntses, cia lawv mus ntes ntau yam alloy hauv ib qho kev sim. Txoj kev no yuav txhim kho kev tshawb fawb zoo heev. Kev siv tshuab siab ua raws li cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws, ua rau kev npaj sib txawv ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem ntawm ib zaug, yog li ua kom muaj kev txhim kho ntawm Heas.
Lub neej yav tom ntej ci rau high-entropy alloys
Heas yog nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob sai sai, nrog Tuam Tshoj tawm ua ib tug loj quab yuam hauv kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb. Niaj hnub no, raws li lub hnub qub microscoping ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm txuj ci, Heas txuas ntxiv nyiam cov kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb.
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau txoj kev sib tw nyob, lawv tsis tau txwv cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm kev thawb rau pem hauv ntej. Raws li cov frontier tshiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv alloy ,,, tuav tuav lub peev xwm thiab cog lus rau yav tom ntej. Lawv cov kev tsis paub tab yog tos kom tsis suav, thiab lawv cov peev xwm tsis muaj teeb meem - yog koj npaj los tshawb txog lawv cov tsis paub txog nkauj ci ntsa iab?